The debate between Allah and the Angels
How did it start?
The news came in the Holy Qur'an that Allah Almighty told the Angels that he would make a caliph on Earth, that is, people who would succeed each other to build the Earth, and there was no one on the face of the Earth that day, and he did not mention to them that he was Adam. Allah said in the Qur'an, "Indeed, I will make upon the earth a successive authority.” They said, “Will You place upon it one who causes corruption therein and sheds blood, while we glorify You with praise and declare Your perfection?” He [Allah] said, “Indeed, I know that which you do not know." (2:30).
When God said this to the Angels, the Angels wanted to explore the wisdom in this, and they said, 'O our Lord, what is the wisdom of those who created them, even though some of them corrupt the Earth and shed blood by killing?'
The Angels asked this question because they knew that the Jinn were on the Earth before God created Adam, so they corrupted in the Earth, and shed, and God sent a host of Angels and beat them until they put them on the islands that are in the seas.
Teaching Adam all the names
Allah said: "And He taught Adam the names – all of them. Then He showed them to the angels and said, Inform Me of the names of these, if you are truthful." (2:31). They said, "Exalted are You; we have no knowledge except what You have taught us. Indeed, it is You who is the Knowing, the Wise." (2:32). "He said, O Adam, inform them of their names. And when he had informed them of their names, He said, Did I not tell you that I know the unseen of the heavens and the earth? And I know what you reveal and what you have concealed." (2:33).
After the creation of Adam, and according to that conversation between God and the Angels in informing them of the succession of Adam and his offspring in the Earth, and to show God the favor of Adam and his right to succeed in the earth, God taught him the names of all things, such as the names of animals, types of food, etc.; then he showed those names to the Angels, to show the honor of Adam that he knows things that the Angels do not know, God said to them: tell me the names of these existences if you are truthful that you are better than Adam.
Then the Angels did not know the answer, and they said: bless our Lord we have no knowledge except what you have taught us, for you alone are the knower of the affairs of your creation, the wise in your management, then Allah said to Adam: O Adam, tell them the names of these things that they were unable to know, because when Adam told them about them, his honor appeared to them that he knew what they did not know.
Then God said to the Angels: I have already told you that I know what is hidden from you in the heavens and the Earth, which is wisdom the one who created Adam and his bounty, and now his bounty has been revealed to you by science, so the two incidents have revealed their purpose.
For the record, this is the only verse in the Qur'an that talks about teaching Adam names, and preferring him to the Angels with knowledge unless they teach him.
The story of Adam when he ate from the tree from which God forbade him to eat.
God forbade our father Adam and his wife, our mother Eve, to eat the fruits of a certain tree of the trees of paradise from all other trees.
And Eblis tempted them to eat of it, and they sinned and ate of it, for humans by nature are infallible from making mistakes, and then they repented and asked God for forgiveness, so God forgave them for their sin, because God is merciful to his servants, accepts the repentance of those who sinned and then repented, he knows the nature of the error is that he created them fallible, so Allah erased their guilt from them, and the end ended with the praise of Allah.
Their story is mentioned in passages from the Holy Quran:
"And We said, “O Adam, dwell, you and your wife, in Paradise and eat therefrom in [ease and] abundance from wherever you will. But do not approach this tree, lest you be among the wrongdoers." (2:35), "But Satan caused them to slip out of it and removed them from that [condition] in which they had been. And We said, “Go down, [all of you], as enemies to one another, and you will have upon the earth a place of settlement and provision for a time." (2:36), "Then Adam received from his Lord [some] words, and He accepted his repentance. Indeed, it is He who is the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful." (2:37), "We said, “Go down from it, all of you. And when guidance comes to you from Me, whoever follows My guidance – there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve." (2:38), "But those who disbelieve and deny Our signs – those will be companions of the Fire; they will abide therein eternally." (2:39).
Allah Almighty forbade our father Adam and his wife Eve from eating the fruits of a certain tree from the trees of paradise, God knows what that tree is, because Allah did not put for his worshippers a guide to determine the type of that tree, and he did not mention it in the Qur'an, and the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did not mention it in his hadiths.
It was said that it was a grape tree, and it was said that it was a fig tree, and it was permissible to be one of them, but in any case, knowing the type of that tree does not entail work and benefit, and ignorance of it does not harm, and if there was good in knowing about it, I would tell Allah about it.
But Eblis envied Adam for this grace, so he seduced him and his wife ، He swore to them that he was a counselor for them in his advice to them. He is a liar in that, and from what he said to them to deceive them: but your Lord forbade you to eat from the fruits of this tree in order not to be kings, and not to be immortal in life, so the devil's trick fell upon them, God said didn't I tell you that the devil is your enemy?
So Allah stripped them of their clothing, the clothing of the people of paradise, as a punishment for them for that sin, so they covered their awrahs with the leaves of paradise. So they took off the leaves of the trees of paradise and glued them on themselves to hide what was revealed from their defilements.
When Adam and Eve learned that they had made a great mistake, they said: Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves by eating from the tree, and if you do not forgive us and have mercy on us, we will be among the losers, that is, those who have lost their luck in their world and others.
So they asked Allah for forgiveness, that is, they asked him for forgiveness and accepted repentance, and Allah inspired them to say words in which they prayed, humbled and asked for forgiveness, and they said them ، the words are our Lord we wronged ourselves and if you do not forgive us and have mercy on us to be one of the losers), when they said these words, Allah repented of them and forgave their sin, as the Almighty said (and then his lord turned to him, so he repented and guided), because Allah Almighty is merciful to his worshippers, accepts the repentance of.
And then God descended Adam and Eve from Paradise to this earth on which we live, in fulfillment of his judgment that he had spent before.